Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a innovative solution for wastewater treatment due to its superior performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have led significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These enhancements inclu
Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMBRs) are sophisticated systems widely employed in chemical processes. Their unique design, characterized by numerous of hollow fibers serving as both a separation medium and a substrate for microbial growth, promotes high-performance production. HFMBRs offer several benefits, including {enhanced{ mass transfer
The efficiency of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating industrial wastewater has been a subject of extensive investigation. These membrane systems offer distinct advantages such as high reduction rates for pollutants, compact footprint, and the potential to produce reusable water. This article examines recent developments